Siphon & Water Change Calculator
Torricelli’s Law Interactive Simulator
Water to Drain
30 L
Hose Inner Diameter
12 mm
Height Drop (Surface to Bucket Outlet)
50 cm
Dynamic Visualizer
Estimated Time
0m 0s
Total drainage time
Initial Flow Speed
0.00 L/s
Peak discharge rate
* Calculated using Torricelli’s Law ($v = \sqrt{2gh}$) with standard fluid friction compensation ($\sim C_d = 0.62$). Real-world speed may vary based on hose bends and debris filters.
Key Features
- Torricelli’s Law Engine: Calculates dynamic flow velocity and total drainage duration using Torricelli’s theorem ($v = \sqrt{2gh}$), incorporated with standard fluid friction coefficient parameters.
- Dual Unit System Support: Toggle seamlessly between Metric (Liters, Millimeters, Centimeters) and Imperial (Gallons, Inches) units without losing your relative input values.
- Interactive Visualizer: Features a real-time animated graphic illustrating liquid level drops and active water stream discharge intensity as parameter sliders move.
How to Use
- Select Unit System: Choose between Metric or Imperial depending on your preferred measurement units.
- Adjust Water Volume: Slide the Water to Drain bar to set the total volume of water you plan to drain during the water change.
- Set Hose Diameter: Adjust the Hose Inner Diameter slider to match the precise internal measurement of your siphon tube.
- Define Drop Height: Set the Height Drop slider to represent the vertical distance between the aquarium water surface and the drainage bucket outlet.
- Review Live Results: Instantly read your calculated Estimated Time and Initial Flow Speed on the dynamic dashboard cards below.